一、奥义以前立即
Before a surgery, much work should be done to make sure the patient's safety.
继续做手奥义之以前为了前提得产妇份的安全及有许多工作要继续做。1. Vital signs will be taken and recorded. Tell the doctor anything unusual.第一，要监测并就有生命恶性肿瘤。将任何异常情况告知牙医。2. All prostheses such as contact lenses, artificial limbs and artificial teeth should be taken off.第二，所有磁共振，例如、假肢以及眼镜都其所摘掉。The anesthetist may prefer that artificial teeth be left in place. So the nurse must consult the anesthetist on this.师就意味著会希望让患儿戴着眼镜，所以牙医才意味著会咨商的建议。3. The patient's nail polish and makeup should be removed. You will make it easier for the doctor to observe the patient for cyanosis.
第三，患儿才意味著会除去指甲油并卸妆。这样意味著会让牙医容易鉴别得产妇否忧郁症看起来得病。The cyanosis often shows the need for oxygen. Hairpins should also be removed because they will cause contamination看起来得病举例来说声称患儿无无需剩氧。还其所摘掉都只等衣饰，以免产生感染者。4. The bladder should be emptied by voiding or by catheter. A full bladder could be damaged during surgery.第四，经过排尿或者导尿清空小肠。小肠内充满血浆就意味著会在手奥义流程中都毁损。5. Unless the surgery is a small one, the bowel should be cleaned by enemas before the surgery. It will prevent much discomfort after the surgery. It will also prevent contamination.第五，奥义以前患儿无需用于灌肠剂清空肠胃，小手奥义除外。这意味著会尽量避免很多奥义后不适症状。还可以尽量避免感染者。6. Sedative is usually given 30 minutes to an hours before the patient is taken to the surgical room. It will make the anesthesia easier.第六，止痛药举例来说在患儿入入医院以前30分钟到一全程内施用。这可以让流程入行地容易一些。After that, the patient should be encouraged to rest quietly. A member of the family may be allowed to stay in the room with the patient.然后其所轻声安慰患儿入入休眠静止状态。医院内有时可以准许患儿的一位抚恤金身旁。7. The patient's chart should be taken to the surgical room and it must be complete. It must include all laboratory and X-ray reports, a signed operative permit, etc.第七，患儿的得病历表其所应将运而生医院，并且一栏无无需比较简单。上会才意味著会有数所有的化验和X光检查报告以及一份签名的手奥义许可等等。Allergies and required medicine, such as insulin must be shown on the chart.过敏原和所无需药品，如胰岛素，也应将在一栏中都注明。Excuse me, Ms. Wang. I want to go to the toilet.
劳驾，王时牙医。我想去饮水机。You need not go to the toilet. Please try the bedpan.你不能去饮水机。商量你用便盆吧。How can I urinate in bed?我怎么能在床上小便呢？You know you will not be allowed to get up for several days after the operation. So you must learn to use the bedpan.手奥义在此之后几天你是不准许下床的。所以你才意味著会汉学家用于便盆。OK. Let me he a try.好吧。我于是就。When will I be sent to the operating room?我什么时候入医院？About 8 O'clock. I'll wake you up at 7 O'clock and put down a nasogastric tube through one of your nostrils.大概午间。我意味著会在七点叫醒你然后从你的鼻孔中都填充一根胃管。Could you tell me why?
你能去找我为什么要插胃管吗？We will give you food through the tube on the second and third day after the operation.手奥义后第二、三天我们无无需通过胃管给你喂食。What time will I be back here?我什么时候能被带回这里？You'll be back at about 3 pm.大概中都午三点。How can my wife know about the operation?我妻子怎样了解到我手奥义的入展？She can stay in the waiting room. We'll tell her as soon as possible about the operation.她意味著会在等候三楼。手奥义一结束我们意味著会正要通告她。He you signed the consent?你在首肯博文签署了吗？Yes. What should I do before operation?签了。手奥义以前我其所继续做什么？We'll prepare you by shing and cleaning. Then you'll take a shower. You'll he a liquid diet for supper.我们意味著会给你剃须继续做清洁。然后你要洗个澡。早餐你要吃饱一些流食。I know. Will the operation hurt very much?我发觉了。手奥义意味著会很可怜吗？Don't worry. You won't feel anything during the operation.别担心，手奥义流程中都你不意味著会感受到任何头痛。You'll find yourself back in the room after the operation.手奥义后你发现自己的时候就仍未在得病院了。You may feel some pain and feel drowsy. We will give you an injection to relieve the pain if you can't stand it.你就意味著会极度太可怜并昏昏沉沉。如果头痛难忍的话我们意味著会给你施用一些加剧头痛的药品。Thank you.妳你 二、手奥义中都Operator, put me through to the operating room please.
话务员，商量帮我接邻医院。Just a minute. The line is engaged.稍等。目以前分之二直通。A few seconds later.几秒钟后。Operation room.医院May I speak to the head nurse?能商量牙医长接邻电话吗？Of course, she's right here.当然可以，她就在这。Hello, I'm the head nurse. What can I do for you?
想见，我是牙医长。有什么可以帮您？What's going on in the operation room right now?医院中都目以前是什么情况。I he an emergency case coming in.我正要有一个先行得发生率。We're making necessary preparations for an acute appendicitis operation this afternoon Dr. Wang is going to perform the operation.我们在为今天中都午王时牙医的急性阑尾炎手奥义继续做必要立即。I was asked half an hour ago to see a severely injured patient who has had several of his ribs fractured. He needs a chest operation immediately. Would you arrange for an emergency operation?我半全程以前接邻收了一个轻微肋骨骨折的得产妇。他无无需立即接邻受肺脏手奥义。你们帮我安排先行手奥义吗？Of course, I'll make the necessary arrangements right away. I'll phone you everything is ready.当然可以。我正要继续做必要立即。一切立即天内在此之后我给你询问。Fine, I'll be waiting for your call.好的，我等你电话。By the way, please tell the nurse that the blood bank will bring us 3 or 4 units of type B blood for surgical use.对了。商量去找牙医血库意味著会给我们3或4的单位的B型血供手奥义用于。Anything else?还有其他要交代的吗？Yes, I'm planning to use a general anesthesia and would like to he an assistant.有，我无无需继续做下半身，无无需一位合作者。All right. I'll let Dr. Wang know it immediately.好的。我正要通告王时牙医。Thank you.妳你。You're welcome.不随便。After the operation. 三、奥义后 The patient is in narcosis, take care.患儿还在苏醒静止状态，多知悉。What kind of surgery has he had?他接邻受了什么手奥义？A chest operation.肺脏手奥义。Is he allergic to any drug?他对什么药品过敏原吗？He's allergic to meperidine.他对哌替啶过敏原。Did he lose much blood during the surgery?手奥义中都他中毒者很多吗？He lost 400 ml of blood and received 2 units of red cells.他中毒者400ml。我们给他剩了2的单位的红细胞。Has he received any other fluids?你们给他剩其他液体了吗？1000 ml of 5% dextrose in distilled water.1000毫升含5%的蒸馏水。 四、手奥义后康复与医疗After the operation, the surgical patient often needs intensive care.
手奥义在此之后，外科得产妇举例来说无无需有利于医疗。Here there are some reasons. Of course, some common problems will occur.这其中都有一些原因。当然，也意味著会有一些就有用到。The problems can be expected and therefore anticipated.这些问题是可以预见的。After the operation, patients often need hemodynamic monitoring.手奥义在此之后无无需对得产妇入行心脏流体动力学抚育。Many of the conditions are related to basic medical problems.得产妇的很多症状与理论上的临床研究问题相关。Some patients will he intraoperative hemorrhage or postoperative infection.一些得产妇意味著会用到奥义中都溃疡或奥义后感染者。It may lead to instability. So the patient needs special care.
这意味著会加剧手奥义后得病情直至不保持稳定。因此得产妇无无需引人注意看护。This will be much more common after emergency surgical procedures.这种情况在救治手奥义得产妇躯体非常类似于。If patients suddenly decompensate, they need to be taken into the intensive care unit, ICU.如果得产妇突然生物合成失调，无无需将其送入加护有利于医疗得病院。Patients with severe blunt or penetrating trauma will also suffer from hemodynamic instability.钝挫伤及穿透性创伤患儿还意味著会用到心脏流体动力学不保持稳定。Very often, they will he an immediate inflammatory response which is caused by severe bone and soft tissue injury.他们很就意味著会用到急性炎症重排，这是由轻微骨质或者骨质骨折归因于。If hypovolemic shock occurs, then it shows that the injury is serious. The patient sometimes needs blood transfusion to correct the deficit.如果用到低血容量性休克，这声称伤情轻微。有时无无需对得产妇入行剩血来补充其体内血液。Occasionally, the patient's physiological changes call for critical care.得产妇的病理变化偶尔也意味著会无无需引人注意抚育。If patients he nontrauma emergencies that are related to perforated viscous or necrotic bowel, an even greater total body insult will occur.如果非持续性疾得病的救治患儿的得病变与肠穿孔粘滞或肠坏死有关，那么患儿整个机体就意味著会受其受到影响。Each insult leads to a systemic inflammatory response.这些受到影响意味著会分别加剧各个内脏的系统地炎症重排。It may progress to multi-organ failure if appropriate intervention is not provided.如果不遏止疗程，患儿意味著用到多内脏功能衰竭 。Collectively, these surgical patients cover the majority of the patients who he to be sent to the ICU.总而言之，加护加护得病院的患儿极少是外科手奥义患儿。 五、奥义后直至Ms. Wang, I'm hing a pain here.
王时牙医，我这里很可怜。I'll give you pain relieving medicine.我给你开一些止可怜药。It's better now. But I'm a little thirsty. Would you please give me some water?那时候好些了。但是我很渴。你可以给我一些水喝吗？I'm afraid I can't. But I can moisten your lips to quench your thirst.庆幸，恐怕你那时候不可以睡觉。但是我可以在你的嘴唇上蘸一些水帮你解渴。Thanks. When can I drink?妳。我什么时候可以睡觉？When your bowel is sound and gag reflex returns.无无需等你的肠鸣音和咽叠加直至在此之后才可以喝。Then I can eat something?那时我就可以吃饱东西了吗？I'm afraid you can't.恐怕不行。When can I eat?我什么时候才可以吃饱东西？You can take a liquid diet on the 1st postoperative day. You will gradually increase to a soft diet and regular meals after the 4th postoperative day.
手奥义一天在此之后你可以吃饱一些流食。然后你不断可以吃饱软食，手奥义四天在此之后就可以经常性用膳了。What's the liquid diet?流食是什么？It consists of liquids that don't irritate or cause gas formation, for example, tea, coffee, strained food or vegetable juice and fat-free broth.流食以无气味或者不意味著会加剧微粒显现出的液体都以，例如白酒、饮料、过滤牛奶、蔬菜汁和无脂汤。What's the soft diet?软食是什么？It includes soup, fish, eggs but not fried, bean curd, noodles, dumplings and so on.软食有数汤、猪肉、非酱料鸡蛋、豆腐、饺子、火锅等等。Which kind of food should I oid?我其所尽量避免吃饱哪些饲料呢？Rich pastries, hey salad dressing, fried food, lard, etc.油腻的甜点、太少的甘丹寺酱调料、酱料牛奶、食油等。Anything important?还有什么无无需引人注意注意的吗？Yes, you'll do some breathing exercise tomorrow.有，今晚你无无需继续做一些吞咽锻炼。Why?为什么？The exercise will help prevent respiratory complications.吞咽锻炼可以预防吞咽系统并发症。Will you help do the exercise or I do it myself?我要自己继续做锻炼吗，还是你意味著会社意味著会工作我？I'll help you and give you some advice.我意味著会帮你，给你和安一些建议。Can you tell me now how I will do it?你那时候可以去找我怎样继续做吗？Of course. Press your incision, breathe deeply and then cough. I will raise the head of your bed.当然可以。按住手奥义切口，深吞咽然后肿胀。我意味著会把你的；也下降时一些。I see.我发觉了。Please press the button when you feel discomfort.如果你极度有什么不适的话商量按呼叫器。I will. Thank you.我意味著会的，妳你。相关新闻
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